THE FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY IN HUMAN BEINGS

THE STRUCTURE OF A KIDNEY

• Each kidney is made up of a large number of excretory units called nephrons. 

• Each nephron has a cup shaped bag at its upper end which is called Bowman's capsule. 

• The lower end of Bowman's capsule is tube shaped and it is called a tubule. 

• The Bowman's capsule and the tubule taken together make a nephron. 

• One end of the tubule is connected to the Bowman's capsule and the other end is connected to a urine-collecting duct of the kidney. 

• The Bowman's capsule contains a bundle of blood capillaries which is called glomerulus.

• One end of the glomerulus is attached to the renal artery which brings the dirty blood containing the urea waste into it.   

THE FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY IN HUMAN BEINGS

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity, and they play several crucial roles in maintaining the overall health and wellbeing of human beings. Some of the primary functions of the kidneys include:

Regulating fluid balance: The kidneys regulate the balance of fluids in the body by filtering excess fluids and removing them as urine.

Removing waste products: The kidneys filter waste products, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine, from the blood and eliminate them through urine.

Maintaining electrolyte balance: The kidneys help maintain the balance of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, in the body.

Regulating blood pressure: The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the amount of fluid in the bloodstream.

Producing hormones: The kidneys produce hormones, such as erythropoietin and renin, that help regulate the production of red blood cells and control blood pressure, respectively.

Activating vitamin D: The kidneys play a role in activating vitamin D, which is essential for maintaining strong bones.

Overall, the kidneys are essential organs that play multiple vital roles in maintaining the overall health and homeostasis of the body. Dysfunction or failure of the kidneys can result in severe health consequences, such as fluid imbalances, electrolyte disturbances, and accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream.

Draw a well labelled diagram of L.S. of the human kidney