HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
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1. Air for Respiration is drawn into our body through the nostrils (two holes in the nose) present in the nose. This air goes to nasal passage (passage behind the nostrils).
2. Nasal hair and mucus present in nasal cavity cleans the incoming air. The part of throat between the mouth and wind pipeis called Pharynx.
3. The wind pipe is known as Trachea. Trachea is reinforced by rings of cartilage, hence it will not collapsedeven when there is no air in it. Upper end of Trachea contains Voice box or Larynx.
4. Trachea is divided into two smaller tubes called. Bronchi. The two bronchi is connected to the two lungs.
LUNGS:
5. The lungs lie in the chest cavity or thoracic cavity and separated from abdominal cavity by a muscular partition called diaphragm. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle below the lungs. It helps in "breathing in" and "breathing out".
6. The lungs are covered by two thin membranes called pleura and protected by the rib cage made of ribs.
7. Each bronchus divides in the lungs to form a large number of smaller tubes called bronchioles.
8. The bronchioles have have tiny air-sacs at their ends called alveoli. The walls of alveoli are very thin and they are surrounded by very thin blood capilaries. Here, oxygen is taken in the body and carbon di oxide is eliminated, i.e. gaseous exchange takes place in alveoli. All the alveoli have a cumulative surface area of around 80 square metres.
9. Oxygen of air diffuses out from the alveoli walls to the blood and carried by the blood to all the parts of the body and oxygen again diffuses into the individual cells and takes part in the respiration and releases carbon di oxide.
RATE OF BREATHING
The average breathing rate in an adult man at rest is about 15 to 18 times per minute. The breathing rate increases with increased physical activity.
HAEMOGLOBIN
Oxygen required for breathing and respiration is carried by haemoglobin present in our blood. The normal range of haemoglobin in the blood of a healthy adult person is from 12 to 18 gm/dL (grams per decilitre) of blood. The deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood of a person reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood resulting in breathing problems, tiredness and lack of energy.
CARBON DI OXIDE POISONING
Haemoglobin has more affinity for carbon monoxide then oxygen. So, if carbon monoxide gas is inhaled by a person then this carbon di oxide binds very strongly with haemoglobin in the blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen to the brain and other parts of the body and it creates fatal breathing problems. It is known as Carbon dioxide poisoining.
VENTILATOR
When a patient suffers a serious breathing problem, the patient is put on a machine called "ventilator" in which a tube is inserted directly into the trachea of the patient to help him in breathing comfortably.
