CBSE| HISTORY|CLASS 7| INTRODUCTION: TRACING CHANGES THROUGH A THOUSAND YEARS |

Understanding History Through Maps

Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

This chapter begins with a fascinating comparison between two historical maps of the Indian subcontinent. These maps highlight how our understanding of the world has changed over centuries and how maps can reflect cultural viewpoints and purposes beyond just geography.

Map 1: Al-Idrisi’s Map (1154 CE)

• Created by Al-Idrisi, a famous Arab geographer, as part of a world map in 1154 CE.
• It shows South India at the top and North India at the bottom — opposite to how we view maps today.
• Place names are written in Arabic, including cities like Kanauj (Qanauj).
• This map reflects the knowledge of the Arab-Islamic world at the time, shaped by scholars, traders, and travelers.
• The orientation shows a cultural bias — representing the world as it was viewed in the Arab world.

Map 2: French Cartographer’s Map (1720s)

• Drawn by a French cartographer nearly 600 years later in the 18th century.
• This map resembles the maps we are used to today, especially in the shape and orientation of India.
• It includes detailed coastal areas, designed for navigation and maritime trade.
• The focus is on European interests during the colonial period — especially for traders and sailors.

Key Differences and Historical Significance

1. Purpose and Use:
   • Al-Idrisi’s map was scholarly — aimed at understanding the geography of the world.
   • The French map was practical — used for voyages, navigation, and trade.
2. Scientific Understanding:
   • In the 12th century, maps were based on texts, oral accounts, and imagination.
   • By the 18th century, modern tools like compasses and telescopes helped in accurate mapping.
3. Cultural Perspectives:
   • Each map reflects the worldview of the society that created it.
   • Understanding historical maps means focusing on the context and purpose, not just accuracy.

Why This Matters in History

• Maps are not just about geography; they reflect power, culture, trade, and knowledge.
• They help us understand how people in the past saw themselves and others.
• By comparing old and new maps, we can trace how India's history and identity evolved over centuries.

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